Green Functionalization of Hemp Fabrics with Pd/Pt Nanoparticles via Microwave-assisted Rose Extract Synthesis and Ridge-regularized RSM Optimization
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 2 (June 2026) pp. 726-741
Abstract
The present study investigates the sustainable functionalization of hemp fabrics through the green synthesis of Pd/Pt nanoparticles using rose petal (RPE) and rose stamen (RSE) extracts via a microwave-assisted phyto-reduction process. The successful formation and deposition of nanoparticles on the fabric surface were confirmed by UV–Vis, FTIR, DLS, XRD, and FESEM–EDX analyses, revealing an average particle size of 14.8 nm. A Ridge-regularized response surface methodology (RSM) model was developed to predict color strength (K/S) based on RPE, RSE, Pt, and Pd concentrations. The model exhibited excellent fitting performance (R² = 0.9951, RMSE = 0.0629, and MAE = 0.0473), while leave-one-out cross-validation produced an R² value of 0.6681, indicating acceptable but moderate predictive robustness for unseen data. The optimized conditions were determined as 1.50 g RPE, 1.50 g RSE, 2.00 mM Pt, and 2.00 mM Pd, yielding a predicted K/S value of 6.6563. Compared with untreated extracts, the Pd/Pt-treated fabrics showed a marked improvement in color strength (K/S = 5.42), enhanced color fastness ratings (7–9), and strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus (20 mm) and E. coli (18 mm). These findings demonstrate that the combination of green nanoparticle synthesis and Ridge–RSM optimization provides an environmentally sustainable strategy for producing multifunctional textile materials with improved coloration and antibacterial performance.
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Reference
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