Nanocatalyst-driven Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste-derived Rubber Seed Oil
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 2 (June 2026) pp. 196-204
Abstract
The rapid depletion of petroleum reserves and growing environmental concerns have intensified the need for sustainable and renewable energy alternatives. Biodiesel has emerged as a promising substitute for conventional diesel due to its biodegradability and lower environmental impact. In this study, an integrated waste-to-energy approach is explored by utilizing rubber seed oil (RSO), a non-edible and underutilized feedstock, for biodiesel production. A calcium oxide (CaO)-based nanocatalyst derived from prawn shell waste is employed to enhance the sustainability and economic viability of the process. The use of biowaste-derived catalyst not only reduces production cost but also promotes waste valorization. Biodiesel is produced via the transesterification process, and key reaction parameters including catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil ratio, and reaction time are systematically optimized to maximize yield. The synthesized biodiesel is characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), along with evaluation of physicochemical properties such as flash point (152ºC), fire point (161ºC), density, and specific gravity. The results demonstrate that the combined use of waste-derived feedstock and catalyst offers a sustainable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly pathway for biodiesel production.
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