Open Access

A Comprehensive Survey on Nano-sensor Devices and Architectures for the Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT)

Ramachandran Ghugare, srichandrang@gmail.com
Department of Computer Engineering, Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering. Navi Mumbai, MH, India Peddinti Neeraja, peddintineeraja@gmail.com
Department of Computer Applications, School of Computing, Mohan Babu University, Tirupati, AP, India
Author Profile Nune Sreenivas, nunesreenivas@gmail.com
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sphoorthy Engineering College, Hyderabad, TG, India Venkata Veeranjaneyulu I, venkataveeranjaneyulu@gmail.com
Department of EEE, Aditya University, ADB Road, Surampalem, AP, India Madhuri Sailaja Jampana madhurisailajajampana@gmail.com
Department of Physics, BS&HSS, Andhra University College of Engineering for Women, Andhra University, AP, India
Author Profile

---

---

---

Abstract

In a rapidly changing world, technological breakthroughs in the Internet and information and communication technologies (ICT) have led to innovative solutions that significantly improve people’s quality of life. IoT technology connects digital objects to the Internet, making it applicable in several industries. Internet of Nano-Things (IoNT) is the most recent evolution of IoT and has gained interest from researchers and scientists. It combines nanotechnology and IoT, provides a more advanced approach and has the potential to transform the present IoT technology. Although the benefits of IoT are boundless, there are ongoing problems in the expanding IoNT ecosystem to be addressed. This research focuses on the security and privacy problems related to IoNT and nano communication. It also explores key IoNT architectures, nanoscale communication, real-world applications, and relevant simulators and testbeds. This review addresses issues in incorporating new technologies, particularly Artificial Intelligence (AI), into IoNT. 

Full Text

Reference

---

Bhuiyan, R. U., Selvarathinam, T., Kim, B. and Singh, J. P., Fabrication of SiNW-based nano sensor device for detecting P-NP, Proc. IEEE 20th Nanotechnol. Mater. Devices Conf., 221–224 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/NMDC64551.2025.11233883

Cao, P., Wu, T., Wen, J., Tan, H., Sheng, S. and Jiang, C., An optical fiber sensor based on FeOOH nanorod arrays for humidity and temperature measurement, IEEE Sens. J., 25(10), 17110–17116 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3555588

Dell’Olio, F., Inertial sensors miniaturization through silicon photonics: Emerging trends and future prospects, Proc. 25th Int. Conf. Transparent Opt. Netw., 1–4 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICTON67126.2025.11125332

Filippou, F., Foukalas, F. and Tsiftsis, T., Edge deep learning for low capabilities devices, Proc. 8th Int. Balkan Conf. Commun. Netw., 1–6 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/Balkancom65827.2025.11185953

Huang, R., Yang, J., Zhao, H., Zhou, Y., Chen, F., Yang, L., Zhang, J. and Li, M., Development in micro/nano air-channel devices for high-frequency and ultrafast applications, Proc. IEEE MTT-S Int. Microw. Workshop Ser. Adv. Mater. Process. RF THz Appl., 1–3 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/IMWS-6175.2025.11136607

Huang, Y., Liu, Y. and Yang, D., Enhancing nano Ag paste sintering performance and reliability via gas pressure sintering for power device packaging, Proc. 26th Int. Conf. Electron. Packag. Technol., 1–4 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEPT67137.2025.11157653

Hussain, K., Selvi, K., Murugesan, G., Govindasamy, S., Ramachandran, G. and Raj, A. N., Internet of Things Based Agriculture Crop Cutting Mechanism Using Green Energy and its Applications, Int. Conf. Commun. Syst. Net. Technol., 1160-1164 (2025).

https://doi: 10.1109/CSNT64827.2025.10967666

Krobot, K., Kopilakova, B., Stodola, P., Knapek, B. and Stodola, J., Nanotechnology for defense applications, Int Conf. Military Technol., 1-5, (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICMT65201.2025.11061286

Mathivanan, P. and Michael, G., A Novel AI-Enabled IoT Framework for Real-Time Soil Fertility Analysis and Adaptive Crop Recommendation in Smart Agriculture, 3rd Int Conf. Sustain. Comput. Data Commun. Syst., 690-695, (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSCDS65426.2025.11167727

Peng, K., Yang, F., Cheng, Z., Zhao, Z., Zhang, H. and Wang, L., Comparative analysis of sintering process parameters of nano-silver and nano-copper based on molecular dynamics simulations, Proc. IEEE 8th Int. Electr. Energy Conf., 1670–1675 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/CIEEC64805.2025.11116380

Pillai, A., Kar, G. N., Mahato, S., Goswami, M., Panda, B. and Kundu, S., GPS, Galileo, and Combined Performance Using SwaP-C Receiver for Defence Applications, 4th Int Conf. on Range Technol., 1-6, (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICORT64008.2025.11115768

Rajkumar, R., Poojashree, K., Krishna, S. S. and Vignesh, M., Analyzing electrical characteristics of semiconductor devices using Raspberry Pi and Python, Proc. 3rd Int. Conf. Adv. Electr. Electron. Commun. Comput. Autom., 1–6 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAECA63854.2025.1101257

Singh, N., Gupta, R., Singh, R. K., S. T. S., Gupta, P. and Singhal, A., Flexible hybrid electronics for printing of nano and chip scale structures, Proc. 1st Int. Conf. Adv. Comput. Sci. Electr. Electron. Commun. Technol., 1259–1263 (2025).

https://doi.org/10.1109/CE2CT64011.2025.109398