Performance, Emission, and Combustion of an HCCI Engine Fueled with Tire Pyrolysis Oil–methanol–diesel Nano-blends
J. Environ. Nanotechnol., Volume 15, No 1 (March 2026) pp. 152-166
Abstract
The elements of old tire piles have caused environmental pollution, and fossil fuels are decreasing rapidly, which makes it a necessity to find a sustainable alternative fuel for internal combustion engines. The current study experimentally investigated the performance, emissions and combustion behavior of a hybrid nano additive blended tire pyrolysis oil (TPO)–methanol–diesel fueled HCCI engine. Mixtures of fuel blends (20% TPO, 20% methanol, and 60% diesel) were prepared and were added with cerium oxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles as 5, 10, and 15 ppm concentrations. To keep the nanoparticles in a well dispersed suspension, they were sonicated using an ultrasonic liquid processor. The experimental data show a significant improvement in the combustion and engine performance by the addition of the nanoparticles. The optimum brake thermal efficiency recorded for the blend with 15 ppm CeO2 was nearly 36% at full load. This improved approximately 9% on neat diesel and 12.5% on pure TPO. Reduction in brake specific fuel consumption (in comparison to diesel operation) was nearly 17% The nano additives improved the air-fuel mixing and oxidation, as emission analysis showed big reductions in unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and smoke opacity. Combustion analysis indicated that nano-enhanced blends exhibited higher peak cylinder pressure and heat release rates close to top dead center, thereby validating that they had a faster and more complete combustion process. However, with a relatively higher dosage of the nano additives, nitrogen oxide emissions increased marginally as a result of higher combustion temperature. This systematic analysis indicates that TPO–methanol–diesel nano-blends can enhance the efficiency and reduce principal emission in HCCI engine. This indicates that they could be a sustainable substitute for conventional diesel fuel from waste.
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