Open Access

Modifications of Carbon Nanotubes for Bio-applications and Toxicity Evaluations

P. Khalid, Department of Biotechnology, P.A.College of Engineering, Mangalore, VTU, India. M.A. Hussain, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA. P.D. Rekha, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India. V.B. Suman, Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal University, India. A.B. Arun bhagawatharun@hotmail.com
Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, India.

---

---

Abstract

Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWNTs) were procured from Nanoshel, USA. Covalent functionalization was accomplished with three types of oxidants: (1) 70% Nitric acid under reflux (2) Sulfuric acid and Nitric acid (v/ v = 3/1) under sonication (3) 20% Sulfuric acid and Nitric acid (v/v = 3/1) by heating. The non covalent functionalization was accomplished via di-imide activated amidation using N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N2 -ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDAC) and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA).The covalent functionlized carbon nanotubes in combination with Non Covalent functionalized Carbon Nanotubes were readily dispersed in water, DMF and cell culture media to investigate their toxicity. Characterization of functionalized and dispersed Nanotubes were carried out by using FTIR, FESEM,and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Full Text

Reference

---

Attal, S., Thiruvengadathan, R., and Regev, O., Determination of Concentration of SWCNTs in aqueous dispersion using UV-Visible Absorption spectroscopy.Anal. Chem. 78, 8098-8104,(2006).

Bystrzejewski, M., Huczko, A., Lange, H., Gemming, T., and Buchner, B., Dispersion and Diameter Separation of Multi walled Carbon Nanotubes in Aqueous Solution, J. Coll. Interface Sci., 345, 138-142, (2010).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2010.01.081

Christopher, A.D., and James M.T., Functionalization of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Material Applications, J. Phys. Chem. 108, 51, (2004).

Christopher, A.D., and James M.T., Solvent Free Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 125, 1156-1157, (2003).

Christopher, A.D., Michael, P.S., Francisco, M., and James M.T., Diazonium Based Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes. XPS and GC-MS Analysis and Mechanistic Implications, Temp. Synlett. Synth, 1-6, (2003).

Dresselhaus, M.S., Dresselhaus, G., and Avouris, P., Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, (2001).

Datsyuk, V., Kalyva, M., Papagelis, K., Parthenios, and Tasis, D., Chemical Oxidation of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon, 46, 833-840, (2008).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2008.02.012

Jin, Z., Hogling, Z., Quan, Q., Yanlian, Y., and Qingwen, L., Effect of Chemical Oxidation on the Structure of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes, J. Phys. Chem. 107, 3712-3718, (2003).

Niraj, S., John, T.W.,and Yeow, Carbon Nanotubes for Biomedical Applications, IEEE Trans. Nanobiosci, 4, 180-195, (2005).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TNB.2005.850478

Nguyen, T.T., Nguyen, S.U., Phuong, D.T., Nguyen, D.C., and Mai, A.T., Dispersion of Denatured Carbon Nanotubes by using Dimethylformamide Solution, Adv. Nat. Sci.,Nanosci. Nanotechnol., 2, 035015, (2011).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2043-6262/2/3/035015

Robert, J.C., Sarunya, B., Katerina, A.D., Nadine, W.S.K.,  and Moonsub, S., Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes for Highly Specific Electronic Biosensors, PNAS, 100, 4984-4989, (2003).

Valerie, C.M., Michael, S.S., Erik, H.H., Robert, H.H., and Richard, E.S., Individually Suspended Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Various Surfactants, Nano Lett., 3, 1379-1382, (2003).

Weijie, H., Shelby, T., Kefu, F., Yi, L., and Donghui, Z., Attaching Proteins to Carbon Nanotubes via Diimide Activated Amidation, Nano Lett., 2, 311-314, (2002).

Yao, W., Jun, W., and Fei, W., A Treatment Method to give Separated Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes with High Purity, High Crystallization and Large Aspect Ratio, Carbon, 41, 2939-2948, (2003).

http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(03)00390-7